Source: Mixed powder from crushed spent LFP power/energy storage batteries, containing LFP cathode, graphite anode, and minor impurities.

Key Valuable Metals: Lithium (Li), Iron (Fe), Phosphorus (P), Graphite (C)

Typical Features: Greyish-black powder with no cobalt/nickel content; high iron content and low magnetic susceptibility.

Common Grades:

o Black mass from prismatic LFP large-format cells

o Black mass from LFP battery modules/packs

o Black mass from stationary energy storage LFP cells